Archive for the tag 'Structure'

Story Structure

Penguin August 5th, 2008

story-structure

I came across this document about story structure over at DVXuser. It’s basically a collection of notes from a variety of Truby, Vogler, Hauge, Snyder, Howard, Iglesias, Seth, Gulino, Williams, Marks & Chitlik.

It’s a great resource for any screenwriter. Not only does it go through the basics of story structure, it provides handy visuals and references. It has lists of virtues and vices, questions to ask your character, and common screenwriting vernacular. It even has a handy checklist to help you with your rewrites.

Download it.

-Penguin

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The Formula for a Blockbuster

Penguin June 10th, 2008

the-formula-for-a-blockbuster

I’m used to the whole concept of screenplay structure. You have 3 acts, hero’s journey etc. But what if there was an underlying formula that could tell if your script would be good or not? It seems like they’ve done just that. Created a formula for the blockbuster.

Dick Copaken and Nick Meaney created Epagogix, a neural net that guesses how much a movie will take in at the box office. The most interesting part about the article, is that even if the software can identify areas where a script can be improved, it still needs a writer to improve it. What else is interesting is that it doesn’t seem to care about structure at all. The software seems to care about details.

At the center is the creation of art is the question, “Is there a basic formula?”

“Beauty is no quality in things themselves,” the eighteenth-century Scottish philosopher David Hume wrote. “It exists merely in the mind which contemplates them; and each mind perceives a different beauty.”

But Hume had a Scottish counterpart, Lord Kames, and Lord Kames was equally convinced that traits like beauty, sublimity, and grandeur were indeed reducible to a rational system of rules and precepts. He devised principles of congruity, propriety, and perspicuity: an elevated subject, for instance, must be expressed in elevated language; sound and signification should be in concordance; a woman was most attractive when in distress; depicted misfortunes must never occur by chance.

Granted, there may or may not be a formula for the blockbuster. Even if there is, you still have to write it. But how can we use this knowledge to improve our writing? We watch great films and ask, what makes it great? We watch terrible films, and ask, what makes it suck? Most importantly, we live life so we can find those memorable moments. Build up our library of small stories that we can link together to make something great.

-Penguin

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Learning Structure

Penguin May 7th, 2008

learning-structure

John August has a fantastic post about learning how to write story structure:

My advice for you is to dedicate one day a week to disassembling good movies. Take existing films (and one-hour dramas) and break them down to cards. Think of yourself as an ordinary mechanic given the task of reverse-engineering a spaceship. Figure out what the pieces do, and why they were put together in that way.

Here are the questions you need to ask about each scene or sequence:

  • As the audience, what am I expecting will happen next?
  • What does the character want to do next?
  • Is this a good moment to let the character achieve something, or knock him back?
  • How long has it been since we checked in with other character and subplots?
  • What would have happened if this scene had been cut? Or moved?

By asking these questions about other people’s movies, you can take some of the pressure off.
[...]
I think you can keep making breakthroughs in your writing, but only by challenging your preconceived limitations.

This is great advice for any novice/intermediate screenwriters. I know I’ve been struggling with the same question. Now to actually get to writing.

-Penguin

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Short: Kirby and the Love Equation

Penguin April 13th, 2008

short-kirby-and-the-love-equation

Cute idea. Notice how they set up the hero, his desire, and the antagonist right away. Even the ending, is something slightly unexpected.

- Penguin

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Project: Butter Side Down

Penguin April 10th, 2008

project-butter-side-down

This past Sunday, we started brainstorming ideas for an action movie. It’s going to be an adaptation of Dr. Seuss’s “The Butter Battle Book”. We got some great ideas and there’s a really strong vision for it. Last night, I finished an early draft of the overall plot and structure. I need to go over it and make sure everything makes sense, then I can start on the actual script.

It’s going to be like a live action anime, over the top, gritty, but not too serious.

Should be lots of fun. :)

-Penguin

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The Naked Screenplay: Where’s Your Story?

Penguin February 28th, 2008

Every screenplay has a set of commonalities. They all have scene descriptions. They all have character descriptions. They all have dialogue. They’re all formatted. They all have interesting ideas or premises. But most screenplays, 98% of them, from the pros down to the noob, have the same problem. They don’t have a story or empathy.

When you’re writing, ask yourself 3 questions

Who’s story is this? Who’s the hero? Who’s driving the story forward?
What does he want? What is the compelling drive that forces the story to move forward? Why is the hero doing what he’s doing?
Why should I care?

There’s a place for dialogue, scene and character descriptions, but that’s at the end of your script. Not literally, but after the structure for your film works. Without that core structure, the frame, the architecture, your story will collapse. All the other stuff is just paneling. This isn’t to say that you can’t write any of that stuff. It just means they’re not as important as the structure.

If you listen to little kids tell stories, they’re full of exquisite details about everything. But they’re boring. Because they’re linear. Everything is, then and then and then. They tell you everything. Good stories are told on the cut. The go from high to low, positive to negative, good to bad, progress to reversal (or setback). Good stories leave out all the chaff.

-Penguin

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Screenwriter: Billy Ray

Penguin January 26th, 2008

Billy Ray, best known for writing Flightplan talks about screenwriting. He talks about the virtue of reading bad scripts, mainly to learn what not to do.

Subtext. Most writers have their characters say what they’re thinking. I think this stems from two things. First, the fear that the audience or the reader doesn’t get it. Two, that you, as the writer, have spent all this time coming up with the character’s back story, you want to show it off. A lot of times, this back story is for you and the actor. Have it come out in the parentheticals; give your actors something to work with.

Dilemma. A lot of characters don’t have a dilemma, a difficult decision they have to make. Where, no matter what they choose, things may turn out badly. This adds drama and conflict. Everyone can relate to this. Characters are keys for the audience to hook into your story. They empathize with them and relate to them. They can appreciate the difficulty that they’re being put through. Even with action movies, it’s really the characters that draw you in and make the action engaging.

He also goes on to talk about 5 screenplays all screenwriters should read: Broadcast News, Rocky, Ordinary People, Kramer vs Kramer, and The Wizard of Oz. Reading these scripts will help you with structure.

Links
+ Broadcast News (html)
+ Rocky (txt)
+ Ordinary People (pdf)
+ Kramer vs Kramer (html)
+ The Wizard of Oz (txt)

-Penguin

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New Project: Cupid’s Chokehold

Penguin January 12th, 2008

Yesterday, I started shooting my new project: a music video for “Cupid’s Chokehold” by Gym Class Heroes. I had spent most of the week (off and on) storyboarding the shots. This is a little different than storyboarding a short because there are certain beats with the music that you want to try and align. Since I have so little experience, it’s hard to say how long I want to linger on each shot.

Drawing out the storyboards helped me realize the non-linear structure to the story. It seemed apropos that I watched an interview with Quentin Tarantino after he did Pulp Fiction. The sound is a little out of sync, but there’s a wealth of information there.

One of the main take-aways that relates to this project is the idea of confusion. Tarantino’s right that if you watch Pulp, like really watch it, it’s not confusing at all. Even though it has a non-linear structure, the way that it’s put together makes sense and is probably the best way to tell the story. In a similar manner, I feel the same way about “Cupid’s Chokehold”.

I showed the storyboards to Ninja and she agreed. There were points where it jumped a bit, but if I told the story straight, it would’ve been boring.

-Penguin

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Why Are Your Plots Contrived?

Penguin December 14th, 2007

Over at John August’s blog, he’s posted a great little tip about plot structure and how to make it seem natural:

Screenwriting books make everything seem so tidy, when actual screenwriting is gory and difficult. Plot and structure are really just the answer to a single question: what happens when?

Look at your story from your main characters’ perspectives. What are is they trying to do at each moment in the script? What do they know, and what do they learn?

Then look at it from the audience’s perspective. What do they know, and what do they expect will happen next?

A good plot keeps surprising both the main characters and your audience. Probably the reason your plots feel contrived is that you’re trying to drag your characters through some pre-determined series of structural benchmarks, rather than focusing on what’s interesting and surprising right now in this scene.

It’s a great mini-lesson for all you budding screenwriters out there. Remember, your story has living breathing characters. Don’t drag them through the mud of your story, instead, have them react to them. How do the events and circumstances that you create for them get in the way of what they want? How does it change them? And once you’re happy with it, you’ll make something you’ll be happy with.

-Penguin

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